Search results for " Agglomeration"
showing 10 items of 69 documents
Welfare, Home Market Effects, and Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment
2005
We investigate the spatial distribution and organization of an imperfectly competitive industry when firms may choose to operate more than a single production unit. Focusing on a short-run setting with a fixed mass of firms, we fully characterize the spatial equilibria analytically. Comparing the equilibrium and the first-best, we show that both organizational and spatial inefficiencies may arise. In particular, when fixed costs are low enough the market outcome may well lead to overinvestment and, therefore, to too many multinationals operating from a social point of view. Furthermore, once multinationals are taken into account, the market outcome may well lead too little agglomeration.
Intangible capital and business productivity in the hotel industry
2019
Intangible capital is a key factor of productivity growth. This paper analyses how the internal intangible capital of the company and external intangible capital influence its productivity. This contribution focuses on the hotel industry since it is a key industry of the Spanish economy, such that any increase in its productivity has an impact on the entire economy. Both, the intangible capital of the company and that of the region in which the company is located are considered as determinants of productivity. Likewise, the importance of other agglomeration economies in the productivity of hotel companies is taken into account. A model estimates firm level determinants of productivity, cont…
Iron oxide-based magnetic photocatalysts: Recent developments, challenges, and environmental applications
2021
Abstract Magnetic separation of the solid photocatalyst from the reacting suspension has received great interest in recent research because it offers a suitable way for removing and recycling the heterogeneous photocatalytic material particles preventing the agglomeration and sedimentation during and after their use. The use of iron oxides such as heterogeneous photocatalysts is an appropriate choice to obtain a suitable photocatalyst easily separable from the fluid. This chapter presents a detailed investigation of iron oxide-based magnetic photocatalysts (IOMPs). We will discuss the required conditions for the synthesis of these photocatalysts, followed by their applications for the remov…
COMMUTING PATTERNS IN RIGA AGGLOMERATION: EVIDENCE FROM A SURVEY ANALYSIS OF YOUTH
2021
In the last ten years the evident changes of settlement patterns through suburban growth near to capital city of Latvia occurred. Increase of distance between home and routine activity places as well as changes of public transport and rapid increase of car ownership initiated significant changes in commuting patterns of inhabitants living outside of Riga. Although the commuting from suburban area to Riga is recently broadly studied, however these researches focused primarily on able-bodied population leaving behind school-age children and young people. The aim of this study is to analyse commuting patterns of young people aged 12 to 17 moving from outskirts of Riga to school located in Riga…
Population Growth and Manufacturing Real Wages in 18th Century England: A Spatial Perspective
2004
We develop a two-region population growth model of economic geography and show that a process of urbanization has a substantial impact on the evolution of manufacturing real wages. Whereas real wages decline as the population increases when the spatial structure of the economy is fixed, they actually rise in the long-run when factors are mobile. Agglomeration may hence be seen as a rational response to declining real wages and provides a new explanation of why manufacturing real wages did not decline prior to the Industrial Revolution in England, despite a historically unprecedented population growth.
Synthesis of Nanoferroics
2013
The Chapter covers the technological aspects of many chemical and physico-chemical nanofabrication methods relevant to making nanoferroic materials and composites. First, the classification of relevant synthesis methods of nanoferroics has been presented. Synthesis of particular nanoferroics with different chemical bonding like metallic, oxide and non-oxide compounds is considered in details. Among the methods, the mechanochemical, sonochemical, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, emulsion, thermal decomposition of unstable precursors have been analyzed. The competition between new phase nucleation and nuclei growth has been revealed to be controlled using feedback between reaction rate and tem…
Agglomeration without trade: how non-traded goods shape the space-economy
2004
Abstract We develop a spatial general equilibrium model in which the absence of interregional trade is an endogenous outcome. Extending the model developed by Ottaviano, Tabuchi, and Thisse (Int. Econ. Rev. 43 (2002) 409), we show that equilibria without trade differ significantly from those obtained in the presence of trade, which suggests that the presence of non-traded goods has a significant impact on spatial structures. Somewhat surprisingly, equilibrium structures without trade are richer than those with trade because partial agglomeration becomes a feasible outcome. Equilibria now depend on the ratio of mobile to immobile factors and an increase in that ratio triggers a process of sp…
Realization of Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie Voivodeship 2014-2020. Assumption and Activities In the Opole Agglomeration in the Cont…
2019
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i ocena działań mających wpływ na rozwój aglomeracji opolskiej na gruncie koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju. Istotne jest zidentyfikowanie działań podejmowanych w zakresie prowadzonej polityki w ramach istniejącego obszaru funkcjonalnego oraz ich ocena w kontekście założeń zrównoważonego rozwoju. Aby zrealizować tak określony cel, analizę oparto na typach projektów finansowanych w ramach RPO WO 2014-2020 oraz zasięgu ich oddziaływania. W rozważaniach uwzględniono trzy główne aspekty rozwoju zrównoważonego: ekonomiczny, społeczny oraz środowiskowy. Ponadto starano się zidentyfikować korzyści płynące z prowadzonych przez Stowarzyszenie Aglomeracji Opolskiej dz…
A Spatial Difference-in-Differences Estimator to Evaluate the Effect of Change in Public Mass Transit Systems on House Prices
2014
Evaluating the impact of public mass transit systems on real-estate values is an important application of the hedonic price model (HPM). Recently, a mathematical transformation of this approach has been proposed to account for the potential omission of latent spatial variables that may overestimate the impact of accessibility to mass transit systems on values. The development of a Difference-in-Differences (DID) estimator, based on the repeat-sales approach, is a move in the right direction. However, such an estimator neglects the possibility that specification of the price equation may follow a spatial autoregressive process with respect to the dependent variable. The objective of this pap…
Air gasification of wood chips, wood pellets and grass pellets in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor
2021
Abstract Gasification is an attractive method for biomass-to-energy conversion and fluidized bed design is one of the best options for large scale operation. A bubbling fluidized bed reactor was used to analyze the effects of biomass type, equivalence ratio (ER) and temperature for product gas compositions. Wood chips, wood pellets and grass pellets were gasified between 650 °C and 800 °C temperature. The ER was varied between 0.08 and 0.16. Gasification of grass pellets was difficult at 800 °C due to agglomeration and the gas composition was poor compared to wood. The reactor performances improved over the temperature and 650 °C was not sufficient to achieve a reasonable carbon conversion.…